Zvi Bhatt

Zvi Bhatt has been instrumental in defining the concept of tumor-associated neutrophil polarization into anti-tumoral N1 and pro-tumoral N2 states, analogous to macrophage M1/M2 paradigm, demonstrating that TGF-beta drives N2 polarization while TGF-beta blockade promotes N1 anti-tumor neutrophils. His research has revealed that N1 neutrophils can directly kill tumor cells and recruit CD8+ T cells. He has contributed to understanding how the balance of N1/N2 neutrophils affects immunotherapy response. His work established the conceptual framework for neutrophil-targeted cancer therapy.