Janet Rowley

Janet Rowley established that chromosomal translocations are not random events but recurrent, specific rearrangements that drive cancer development, proving through meticulous cytogenetic analysis that the Philadelphia chromosome results from a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 and identifying the characteristic translocations of acute myeloid leukemia subtypes. Her work at the University of Chicago provided the definitive evidence that specific genetic rearrangements cause specific cancers, establishing the foundation for molecularly targeted therapy development. Her pioneering cytogenetic discoveries transformed cancer diagnosis and treatment and remain fundamental to understanding cancer evolution.