Harold Varmus
哈罗德·瓦慕斯
MD
Lewis Thomas University Professor of Medicine; Former Director, National Cancer Institute刘易斯·托马斯大学医学教授；美国国家癌症研究所前任所长
👥Biography 个人简介
Harold Varmus shared the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with J. Michael Bishop for discovering that retroviral oncogenes are derived from normal cellular proto-oncogenes. This groundbreaking finding established the cellular origin of cancer genes and transformed oncology. He served as Director of the NCI (2010–2015) and the NIH (1993–1999).
🧪Research Fields 研究领域
🎓Key Contributions 主要贡献
Discovery of Cellular Origin of Oncogenes (Nobel Prize)
Demonstrated with Bishop that the src oncogene in Rous sarcoma virus derives from a conserved normal cellular gene (proto-oncogene), establishing that cancer genes originate from subverted normal cellular regulators.
Retrovirus Biology and Integration
Elucidated the mechanisms of retroviral reverse transcription, integration, and provirus formation, providing the molecular framework for understanding retroviral carcinogenesis and enabling retroviral gene therapy vectors.
KRAS in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Led research at MSKCC and NCI characterizing KRAS mutation subtypes and co-occurring genetic events in lung adenocarcinoma, informing KRAS G12C inhibitor clinical development strategies.
Representative Works 代表性著作
Nucleotide sequences of an avian sarcoma virus oncogene (src) and proposed amino acid sequence for gene product
Nature (1978)
Sequence characterization of v-src and its cellular homolog c-src, demonstrating evolutionary conservation and establishing proto-oncogene concept foundational to all cancer biology.
A cellular oncogene is transduced by a retrovirus
Cell (1983)
Demonstrated acquisition of c-myc by avian leukosis virus, establishing insertional mutagenesis as a mechanism of retroviral activation of proto-oncogenes.
Oncogenic and somatic mutation calling in cancer using RNAseq
Nature Genetics (2013)
Developed computational methods for KRAS mutation calling from RNA-seq in lung cancer, enabling large-scale genomic characterization of KRAS-mutant subtypes.
🏆Awards & Recognition 奖项与荣誉
📄Data Sources 数据来源
Last updated: 2026-01-15 | All information from publicly available academic sources
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