Carlos Arteaga

Carlos Arteaga has defined how TGF-beta signaling contributes to therapeutic resistance in breast cancer, demonstrating that TGF-beta pathway activation mediates resistance to HER2-targeted therapy and endocrine therapy through SMAD-independent activation of PI3K and MAPK survival pathways. His research showed that TGF-beta produced in the breast cancer microenvironment drives immune suppression that limits immunotherapy efficacy in triple-negative breast cancer. He established that TGF-beta receptor inhibition can restore sensitivity to HER2-targeted agents in resistant breast cancers. His translational work has informed clinical trials combining TGF-beta inhibitors with standard breast cancer therapies.