Paul Carter

Paul Carter is the inventor of knobs-into-holes technology, the foundational antibody engineering approach enabling bispecific antibody production. His 1996 invention solved the chain association problem in bispecific antibody manufacturing by introducing complementary mutations promoting heterodimer formation with 92% efficiency. This technology underlies multiple FDA-approved bispecific antibodies. Carter also co-invented trastuzumab (Herceptin), which has treated over 4 million breast cancer patients. Elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2022, he has accumulated 28,000+ citations with h-index 66, exemplifying the rare combination of fundamental invention and clinical impact.

Paul Carter博士是knobs-into-holes技术的发明者，这是实现双特异性抗体生产的基础抗体工程方法。他1996年的发明通过引入促进异源二聚体形成的互补突变，以92%的效率解决了双特异性抗体制造中的链关联问题。该技术是多个FDA批准的双特异性抗体的基础。Carter还共同发明了曲妥珠单抗（赫赛汀），已治疗超过400万乳腺癌患者。2022年当选美国国家工程院院士，他累计被引用28,000次以上，h指数66，体现了基础发明与临床影响的罕见结合。